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- Research DataAbschlussbericht zum DFG-Projekt "Die Tschadseeregion als Wegekreuz" (2019-2025)2025-04-16In diesem Projekt beschäftigten wir uns mit den mittelalterlichen Anfängen des zentral- und westafrikanischen Reiches Kanem-Borno (8./9.-19. Jh. n. Chr.). Als einer der ältesten historisch bekannten vorkolonialen Staaten südlich der Sahara stellt uns das Reich immer noch vor viele Rätsel. Zu Beginn des Projektes war weder bekannt, wo seine frühen Machtzentren lagen und wie diese aussahen, noch mit welchen afrikanischen Regionen außerhalb Nordafrikas das Reich vor dem 15. Jahrhundert Beziehungen unterhielt. Im Gegensatz zu den vorhandenen und weitgehend erforschten historischen Dokumenten bietet die Archäologie noch weitgehend unerschlossene Informationsquellen über Kanem-Borno. Dies gilt insbesondere für die frühe Entwicklung des Reiches vor dem 15. Jahrhundert. Das Projekt konzentrierte sich auf die Erfassung und Analyse materieller Zeugnisse, die Einblicke in bisher wenig bekannte historische Prozesse dieser Zeit geben. Besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei der Erforschung archäologischer Fundstellen mit Backsteinbauten in der Region Kanem, östlich des Tschadsees in der heutigen Republik Tschad, da diese Konstruktionen ein klarer Beleg für eine von außen nach Zentral- und Westafrika eingebrachte Bautradition und -technologie sind. Dank der Forschungen der letzten Jahre zeichnete sich im vorletzten Projektjahr 2024 ein klareres Bild des frühen Kanem-Borno Reichs ab. Obwohl archäologische Zeugnisse aus seiner Entstehungszeit (8.-10. Jh.) noch fehlen, liegen nun wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Blütezeit des Reiches im 11. bis 14. Jahrhundert vor. So haben umfangreiche Geländeprospektionen in Kanem nicht nur die älteste und größte Konzentration von Backstein-Fundstellen südlich der Sahara zutage gefördert. Diese Entdeckung zeigt auch, dass die Tschadseeregion die längste architektonische Tradition mit der Verwendung von Backsteinen als Baumaterial südlich der Sahara aufweist (11. bis 18. Jh). Neben den Prospektionen erbrachten die Ausgrabungen des Projektes Artefakte, die ebenfalls Aufschluss über wichtige historische Prozesse und Orte geben. So deuten chemische Analysen von Glasperlen darauf hin, dass Kanem-Borno direkte oder indirekte Verbindungen zum westafrikanischen Regenwald in Südnigeria und zur ost- oder nordostafrikanischen Küste hatte. Die Freilegung eines Elitengebäudes aus Backstein mit kalkverputzten Innenwänden und Innenhof in der Fundstelle Tié ließ zudem darauf schließen, dass wir mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit Njimi, die erste islamische Hauptstadt des Reiches, wiederentdeckt haben. Diese und weitere Ergebnisse wurden ab Dezember 2024 in einer Sonderausstellung im Musée National du Tchad, N’Djamena, präsentiert.
10 3 - Research DataAbschlussbericht zum DFG-Projekt "Die deutschen ethnographischen Expeditionen in die Kimberley-Region, Nordwest-Australien. Forschungsgeschichtliche Bedeutung, digitale Repatriierung und gemeinsame Interpretation des indigenen Kulturerbes"2025-04-14The aim of this project is to develop the first stage of a systematic and collaborative assessment of the German ethnographic expeditions to the Northwest Kimberley that were conducted by the Institut fur Kulturmorphologie (now Frobenius Institute, Frankfurt am Main) in 1938 and 1939 and the then Museum fur Volkerkunde (Munich) in 1954 and 1955. These expeditions were both conducted by researchers, who were originally associated with Leo Frobenius and they were among the first dedicated ethnographic/anthropological expeditions into this part of Australia. They were also the first to specifically record rock art images and accompanying narratives. This latter aspect is particularly significant, because the researchers worked within the region of the Aboriginal Wandjina Wunggurr communities, who continue to preserve a cultural tradition in which rock art constitute integral elements until the present day. The expeditions have produced an extensive amount of materials that is distributed across a number of institutions in Germany. These largely unpublished materials comprise archival materials, ethnographic objects, reproductions of rock art images as well as an extensive collection of photographs. Although a limited number of publications by the members of these expeditions have been produced in German after WWII, the materials themselves have never been assessed using modern critical methods and techniques. Most importantly, they have never been examined together with members of the relevant Aboriginal communities and information about the materials and archival records has not been made available to the Aboriginal communities in accessible and culturally-sensitive ways. In summary, the project is intended to contribute towards a critical analysis of these expeditions and the respective collections, using systematic historical and anthropological methods in collaboration with the relevant Aboriginal communities. The latter will profit from the results as materials will be made accessible to community members in responsible and culturally-sensitive ways in digital form through the respective Aboriginal community archive(s) as well as appropriate publications. The project will contribute to key areas of debate concerning ethnographic museums and collections in Germany today. The outcomes are intended to be of academic character and value and to make suggestions for standards how to deal with a heritage shared between German institutions and Indigenous communities. Furthermore, the project results will be made available to a larger public through a travelling exhibition, developed in an international collaboration between the Mowanjum Arts Centre (Kimberley, Australia), the Western Australian Museum (Perth) and the relevant museums and institutions in Germany (Museum der Weltkulturen and Frobenius-Institut in Frankfurt am Main; as well as Museum Funf Kontinente in Munich).
16 10 - Research DataMagnetic frustration and weak Mn magnetic ordering in EuMn2P22025-04-10We report on the electron spin resonance (ESR), heat capacity, magnetization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic circular and linear dichroism (XMCD, XMLD), as well as the electrical resistivity of EuMn2P2 single crystals. Antiferromagnetic order of Eu was observed in several quanti- ties at T Eu N = 18 K. The temperature dependencies of ESR linewidth and resonance shift show, when approaching the Eu-ordered state, a divergence towards T Eu N , indicating the growing importance of magnetic correlations and the build-up of internal magnetic fields. An additional temperature scale of ≈ 47 K has considerable impact on linewidth, resonance field and intensity. This points to the presence of weak Mn-based ordering. The observed ESR line is interpreted as an Eu2+ resonance, which probes the weak magnetic background of the Mn subsystem. Such picture is suggested by the lineshape which keeps to be Lorentzian across the 47 K scale and by the ESR intensity which can be described by the same Curie-Weiss temperature above and below 47 K. In the same temperature range anomalies were observed at 48.5 K and 51 K in the heat capacity data as well as a pronounced broadening of the NMR signal of the EuMn2P2 samples. In XMCD and XMLD measurements, this weak magnetic order could not be detected in the same temperature range which might be due to the small magnetic moment, with a potential c-component or frustration.
25 1 - Research DataSupplementary Table 2: Associated MAGMA Genes2025-04-10List of associated genes within MAGMA for each GWAS model.
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- Research DataThe global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2e - model output driven by gswp3-w5e5 and historical setup of direct human impacts2023-10-20Trautmann, TimAckermann, SebastianCáceres, DeniseFlörke, MartinaGerdener, HelenaKynast, EllenPeiris, Thedini AsaliSchiebener, LeonieSchumacher, MaikeAssessing global freshwater resources and human water use is of value for a number of needs but challenging. The global water use and water availability model WaterGAP has been in development since 1996 and has served a range of applications such as assessments of global water resources and water stress, also under the impact of climate change, drought hazard quantification, Life Cycle Assessments, water (over)use and consequently depletion of water resources and a better understanding of terrestrial water storage variations (jointly with satellite observations). Here, the reader can download model output for the time period 1901-2019 that was computed by driving WaterGAP v2.2e by four alternative climate datasets (climate forcings) that were generated in the ISIMIP context (https://www.isimip.org) and are described in https://data.isimip.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.982724. For two climate datasets, model runs up to 2021 or 2022 are available. For comparison, output of a version of WaterGAP v2.2d that is calibrated to the same dataset of observed streamflow as WaterGAP v2.2e is provided. Each of the climate forcing-model version combinations is run in two socio-economic settings, histsoc and nosoc. In nosoc, human water use is set to zero and man-made reservoirs are assumed to be non-existant. In the paper connected to this dataset (to be submitted to Geoscientific Model Development), the newest model version, WaterGAP v2.2e is described by providing the modifications to the previous version v2.2d (Müller Schmied et al. 2021) and the corresponding changes in model output. The most important and requested model outputs (total water storage variations, streamflow and water use) are evaluated against observation data. Standard model output is described as well as the specifics of the WaterGAP contribution within the ISIMIP framework. Müller Schmied, H., Cáceres, D., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Herbert, C., Niemann, C., Peiris, T. A., Popat, E., Portmann, F. T., Reinecke, R., Schumacher, M., Shadkam, S., Telteu, C.-E., Trautmann, T., Döll, P. (2021): The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: Model description and evaluation. Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1037–1079. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021
713 405 - Research DataA j_eff 12 Kitaev material on the triangular lattice: The case of NaRuO22023-06-07Motivated by recent reports of a quantum disordered ground state in the triangular lattice compound NaRuO$_2$, we derive a $j_{\rm eff}=1/2$ magnetic model for this system by means of first-principles calculations. The pseudospin Hamiltonian is dominated by bond-dependent off-diagonal $\Gamma$ interactions, complemented by a ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange and a notably \emph{antiferromagnetic} Kitaev term. In addition to bilinear interactions, we find a sizable four-spin ring exchange contribution with a \emph{strongly anisotropic} character, which has been so far overlooked when modeling Kitaev materials. The analysis of the magnetic model, based on the minimization of the classical energy and exact diagonalization of the quantum Hamiltonian, points toward the existence of a rather robust easy-plane ferromagnetic order, which cannot be easily destabilized by physically relevant perturbations.
339 37 - Research DataThe global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2e - model output driven by gswp3-era5 and historical setup of direct human impacts2023-10-20Trautmann, TimAckermann, SebastianCáceres, DeniseFlörke, MartinaGerdener, HelenaKynast, EllenPeiris, Thedini AsaliSchiebener, LeonieSchumacher, MaikeAssessing global freshwater resources and human water use is of value for a number of needs but challenging. The global water use and water availability model WaterGAP has been in development since 1996 and has served a range of applications such as assessments of global water resources and water stress, also under the impact of climate change, drought hazard quantification, Life Cycle Assessments, water (over)use and consequently depletion of water resources and a better understanding of terrestrial water storage variations (jointly with satellite observations). Here, the reader can download model output for the time period 1901-2019 that was computed by driving WaterGAP v2.2e by four alternative climate datasets (climate forcings) that were generated in the ISIMIP context (https://www.isimip.org) and are described in https://data.isimip.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.982724. For two climate datasets, model runs up to 2021 or 2023 are available. For comparison, output of a version of WaterGAP v2.2d that is calibrated to the same dataset of observed streamflow as WaterGAP v2.2e is provided. Each of the climate forcing-model version combinations is run in two socio-economic settings, histsoc and nosoc. In nosoc, human water use is set to zero and man-made reservoirs are assumed to be non-existant. In the paper connected to this dataset (in review with Geoscientific Model Development), the newest model version, WaterGAP v2.2e is described by providing the modifications to the previous version v2.2d (Müller Schmied et al. 2021) and the corresponding changes in model output. The most important and requested model outputs (total water storage variations, streamflow and water use) are evaluated against observation data. Standard model output is described as well as the specifics of the WaterGAP contribution within the ISIMIP framework. Müller Schmied, H., Cáceres, D., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Herbert, C., Niemann, C., Peiris, T. A., Popat, E., Portmann, F. T., Reinecke, R., Schumacher, M., Shadkam, S., Telteu, C.-E., Trautmann, T., Döll, P. (2021): The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: Model description and evaluation. Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1037–1079. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021
296 321 - Research DataSection-Type Constraints on the Choice of Linguistic Mechanisms in Research Articles: A Corpus-Based Approach2023This thesis investigates the structure of research articles in the field of Computational Linguistics with the goal of establishing that a set of distinctive linguistic features is associated with each section type. The empirical results of the study are derived from the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of research articles from the ACL Anthology Corpus. More than 20,000 articles were analyzed for the purpose of retrieving the target section types and extracting the predefined set of linguistic features from them. Approximately 1,100 articles were found to contain all of the following five section types: abstract, introduction, related work, discussion, and conclusion. These were chosen for the purpose of comparing the frequency of occurrence of the linguistic features across the section types. Making use of frameworks for Natural Language Processing, the Stanford CoreNLP Module, and the Python library SpaCy, as well as scripts created by the author, the frequency scores of the features were retrieved and analyzed with state-of-the-art statistical techniques. The results show that each section type possesses an individual profile of linguistic features which are associated with it more or less strongly. These section-feature associations are shown to be derivable from the hypothesized purpose of each section type. Overall, the findings reported in this thesis provide insights into the writing strategies that authors employ so that the overall goal of the research paper is achieved. The results of the thesis can find implementation in new state-of-the-art applications that assist academic writing and its evaluation in a way that provides the user with a more sophisticated, empirically based feedback on the relationship between linguistic mechanisms and text type. In addition, the potential of the identification of text-type specific linguistic characteristics (a text-feature mapping) can contribute to the development of more robust language-based models for disinformation detection.
242 9 - Research DataThe global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2e - model output driven by gswp3-era5 and historical setup of direct human impacts2023-10-20Trautmann, TimAckermann, SebastianCáceres, DeniseFlörke, MartinaGerdener, HelenaKynast, EllenPeiris, Thedini AsaliSchiebener, LeonieSchumacher, MaikeAssessing global freshwater resources and human water use is of value for a number of needs but challenging. The global water use and water availability model WaterGAP has been in development since 1996 and has served a range of applications such as assessments of global water resources and water stress, also under the impact of climate change, drought hazard quantification, Life Cycle Assessments, water (over)use and consequently depletion of water resources and a better understanding of terrestrial water storage variations (jointly with satellite observations). Here, the reader can download model output for the time period 1901-2019 that was computed by driving WaterGAP v2.2e by four alternative climate datasets (climate forcings) that were generated in the ISIMIP context (https://www.isimip.org) and are described in https://data.isimip.org/10.48364/ISIMIP.982724. For two climate datasets, model runs up to 2021 or 2022 are available. For comparison, output of a version of WaterGAP v2.2d that is calibrated to the same dataset of observed streamflow as WaterGAP v2.2e is provided. Each of the climate forcing-model version combinations is run in two socio-economic settings, histsoc and nosoc. In nosoc, human water use is set to zero and man-made reservoirs are assumed to be non-existant. In the paper connected to this dataset (to be submitted to Geoscientific Model Development), the newest model version, WaterGAP v2.2e is described by providing the modifications to the previous version v2.2d (Müller Schmied et al. 2021) and the corresponding changes in model output. The most important and requested model outputs (total water storage variations, streamflow and water use) are evaluated against observation data. Standard model output is described as well as the specifics of the WaterGAP contribution within the ISIMIP framework. Müller Schmied, H., Cáceres, D., Eisner, S., Flörke, M., Herbert, C., Niemann, C., Peiris, T. A., Popat, E., Portmann, F. T., Reinecke, R., Schumacher, M., Shadkam, S., Telteu, C.-E., Trautmann, T., Döll, P. (2021): The global water resources and use model WaterGAP v2.2d: Model description and evaluation. Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1037–1079. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1037-2021
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