Browsing by Subject "Archaeology"
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- Research DataAbschlussbericht zum DFG-Projekt "Die Tschadseeregion als Wegekreuz" (2019-2025)2025-04-16In diesem Projekt beschäftigten wir uns mit den mittelalterlichen Anfängen des zentral- und westafrikanischen Reiches Kanem-Borno (8./9.-19. Jh. n. Chr.). Als einer der ältesten historisch bekannten vorkolonialen Staaten südlich der Sahara stellt uns das Reich immer noch vor viele Rätsel. Zu Beginn des Projektes war weder bekannt, wo seine frühen Machtzentren lagen und wie diese aussahen, noch mit welchen afrikanischen Regionen außerhalb Nordafrikas das Reich vor dem 15. Jahrhundert Beziehungen unterhielt. Im Gegensatz zu den vorhandenen und weitgehend erforschten historischen Dokumenten bietet die Archäologie noch weitgehend unerschlossene Informationsquellen über Kanem-Borno. Dies gilt insbesondere für die frühe Entwicklung des Reiches vor dem 15. Jahrhundert. Das Projekt konzentrierte sich auf die Erfassung und Analyse materieller Zeugnisse, die Einblicke in bisher wenig bekannte historische Prozesse dieser Zeit geben. Besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei der Erforschung archäologischer Fundstellen mit Backsteinbauten in der Region Kanem, östlich des Tschadsees in der heutigen Republik Tschad, da diese Konstruktionen ein klarer Beleg für eine von außen nach Zentral- und Westafrika eingebrachte Bautradition und -technologie sind. Dank der Forschungen der letzten Jahre zeichnete sich im vorletzten Projektjahr 2024 ein klareres Bild des frühen Kanem-Borno Reichs ab. Obwohl archäologische Zeugnisse aus seiner Entstehungszeit (8.-10. Jh.) noch fehlen, liegen nun wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Blütezeit des Reiches im 11. bis 14. Jahrhundert vor. So haben umfangreiche Geländeprospektionen in Kanem nicht nur die älteste und größte Konzentration von Backstein-Fundstellen südlich der Sahara zutage gefördert. Diese Entdeckung zeigt auch, dass die Tschadseeregion die längste architektonische Tradition mit der Verwendung von Backsteinen als Baumaterial südlich der Sahara aufweist (11. bis 18. Jh). Neben den Prospektionen erbrachten die Ausgrabungen des Projektes Artefakte, die ebenfalls Aufschluss über wichtige historische Prozesse und Orte geben. So deuten chemische Analysen von Glasperlen darauf hin, dass Kanem-Borno direkte oder indirekte Verbindungen zum westafrikanischen Regenwald in Südnigeria und zur ost- oder nordostafrikanischen Küste hatte. Die Freilegung eines Elitengebäudes aus Backstein mit kalkverputzten Innenwänden und Innenhof in der Fundstelle Tié ließ zudem darauf schließen, dass wir mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit Njimi, die erste islamische Hauptstadt des Reiches, wiederentdeckt haben. Diese und weitere Ergebnisse wurden ab Dezember 2024 in einer Sonderausstellung im Musée National du Tchad, N’Djamena, präsentiert.
5 2 - Research DataAl-Mudhaybi Regional Survey: Field photos of the structures2023-09Edelmann, Pascal (DataCollector)Hofmann, Andreas (DataCollector)Hochrieser, Stefanie (DataCollector)Möbius, Merle (DataCollector)Maiorano, Maria Pia (DataCollector)Biezeveld, Irini (DataCollector)Billor, Beriwan (DataCollector)Grün, Fabian (DataCollector)Kluge, Jonas (DataCollector)Koch, Katharina (DataCollector)Mez, Nathalie (DataCollector)Schneider, Tamara (DataCollector)Zöchling, Antje (DataCollector)Juhas, Marcel (DataCollector)Özcelik, Taylan (DataCollector)Puerta-Schardt, Juan-Marco (DataCollector)Schweizer, Moyra (DataCollector)Schmidt, Conrad (DataCollector)Göbel, Jonas (DataCollector)Budzyn, Adrian (DataCollector)Werner, Jannis (DataCollector)Öztürk, Mahsa (DataCollector)Greven, Sofia (DataCollector)The Al-Mudhaybi Regional Survey was initiated to gain insights into settlement patterns, their development, and the causes of significant social changes in Central Oman, particularly during the 3rd millennium BCE. This was achieved through a combination of survey methods (remote sensing based on satellite imagery with ground-truthing and intensive systematic surveys in north-south transects) as well as small-scale excavations. The results challenged the previous notion of traditional settlement hierarchies and a predominantly sedentary, agriculture-based society in Central Oman, especially during the Early Bronze Age (Umm an-Nar period). In-stead, a complex network of temporary sites emerged, utilized at various times and for different activities. Another significant finding is that the interior of Oman was more heavily frequented during the Neolithic period than previously believed. Additionally, contrary to prior assumptions, the Middle Bronze Age (Wadi Suq period) does not represent a period of decline and shares similarities in its development with the northern regions of the Omani Peninsula. These findings can contribute to raising awareness of the diversity of human lifestyles overall, particularly highlighting the cultural achievements of mobile communities.
125 70 - Research DataMDH_SmallFindPhotos2023-09Edelmann, Pascal (DataCollector)Hofmann, Andreas (DataCollector)Hochrieser, Stefanie (DataCollector)Möbius, Merle (DataCollector)Biezeveld, Irini (DataCollector)Grün, Fabian (DataCollector)Kluge, Jonas (DataCollector)Koch, Katharina (DataCollector)Mez, Nathalie (DataCollector)Maiorano, Maria Pia (DataCollector)Schneider, Tamara (DataCollector)Zöchling, Antje (DataCollector)Juhas, Marcel (DataCollector)Özcelik, Taylan (DataCollector)Puerta Schardt, Juan-Marco (DataCollector)Schweizer, Moyra (DataCollector)Göbel, Jonas (DataCollector)Budzyn, Adrian (DataCollector)Werner, Jannis (DataCollector)Öztürk, Mahsa (DataCollector)Greven, Sofia (DataCollector)Schmidt, Conrad (DataCollector)The Al-Mudhaybi Regional Survey was initiated to gain insights into settlement patterns, their development, and the causes of significant social changes in Central Oman, particularly during the 3rd millennium BCE. This was achieved through a combination of survey methods (remote sensing based on satellite imagery with ground-truthing and intensive systematic surveys in north-south transects) as well as small-scale excavations. The results challenged the previous notion of traditional settlement hierarchies and a predominantly sedentary, agriculture-based society in Central Oman, especially during the Early Bronze Age (Umm an-Nar period). In-stead, a complex network of temporary sites emerged, utilized at various times and for different activities. Another significant finding is that the interior of Oman was more heavily frequented during the Neolithic period than previously believed. Additionally, contrary to prior assumptions, the Middle Bronze Age (Wadi Suq period) does not represent a period of decline and shares similarities in its development with the northern regions of the Omani Peninsula. These findings can contribute to raising awareness of the diversity of human lifestyles overall, particularly highlighting the cultural achievements of mobile communities.
37 5 - Research DataMDH_SmallFinds2023-10Kluge, Jonas (DataCollector)Edelmann, Pascal (DataCollector)Hofmann, Andreas (DataCollector)Hochrieser, Stefanie (DataCollector)Möbius, Merle (DataCollector)Maiorano, Maria Pia (DataCollector)Biezeveld, Irini (DataCollector)Billor, Beriwan (DataCollector)Grün, Fabian (DataCollector)Mez, Natalie (DataCollector)Schweizer, Moyra (DataCollector)Schmidt, Conrad (DataCollector)Budzyn, Adrian (DataCollector)Werner, Jannis (DataCollector)Göbel, Jonas (DataCollector)Öztürk, Mahsa (DataCollector)Greven, Sofia (DataCollector)The Al-Mudhaybi Regional Survey was initiated to gain insights into settlement patterns, their development, and the causes of significant social changes in Central Oman, particularly during the 3rd millennium BCE. This was achieved through a combination of survey methods (remote sensing based on satellite imagery with ground-truthing and intensive systematic surveys in north-south transects) as well as small-scale excavations. The results challenged the previous notion of traditional settlement hierarchies and a predominantly sedentary, agriculture-based society in Central Oman, especially during the Early Bronze Age (Umm an-Nar period). In-stead, a complex network of temporary sites emerged, utilized at various times and for different activities. Another significant finding is that the interior of Oman was more heavily frequented during the Neolithic period than previously believed. Additionally, contrary to prior assumptions, the Middle Bronze Age (Wadi Suq period) does not represent a period of decline and shares similarities in its development with the northern regions of the Omani Peninsula. These findings can contribute to raising awareness of the diversity of human lifestyles overall, particularly highlighting the cultural achievements of mobile communities.
27 1 - Research DataMDH_Structures2023-09Edelmann, Pascal (DataCollector)Hofmann, Andreas (DataCollector)Hochrieser, Stefanie (DataCollector)Möbius, Merle (DataCollector)Maiorano, Maria Pia (DataCollector)Biezeveld, Irini (DataCollector)Billor, Beriwan (DataCollector)Grün, Fabian (DataCollector)Kluge, Jonas (DataCollector)Koch, Katharina (DataCollector)Mez, Natalie (DataCollector)Schneider, Tamara (DataCollector)Zöchling, Antje (DataCollector)Juhas, Marcel (DataCollector)Özcelik, Taylan (DataCollector)Puerta-Schardt, Juan-Marco (DataCollector)Schweizer, Moyra (DataCollector)Schmidt, Conrad (DataCollector)Göbel, Jonas (DataCollector)Budzyn, Adrian (DataCollector)Werner, Jannis (DataCollector)Öztürk, Mahsa (DataCollector)Greven, Sofia (DataCollector)The Al-Mudhaybi Regional Survey was initiated to gain insights into settlement patterns, their development, and the causes of significant social changes in Central Oman, particularly during the 3rd millennium BCE. This was achieved through a combination of survey methods (remote sensing based on satellite imagery with ground-truthing and intensive systematic surveys in north-south transects) as well as small-scale excavations. The results challenged the previous notion of traditional settlement hierarchies and a predominantly sedentary, agriculture-based society in Central Oman, especially during the Early Bronze Age (Umm an-Nar period). In-stead, a complex network of temporary sites emerged, utilized at various times and for different activities. Another significant finding is that the interior of Oman was more heavily frequented during the Neolithic period than previously believed. Additionally, contrary to prior assumptions, the Middle Bronze Age (Wadi Suq period) does not represent a period of decline and shares similarities in its development with the northern regions of the Omani Peninsula. These findings can contribute to raising awareness of the diversity of human lifestyles overall, particularly highlighting the cultural achievements of mobile communities.
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